{"id":25929,"date":"2014-11-06T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-11-06T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/\/\/uncategorized\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise"},"modified":"2021-11-22T01:10:43","modified_gmt":"2021-11-22T06:10:43","slug":"do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/","title":{"rendered":"Do Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Antioxidants have been shown in multiple studies to impair the benefits of exercise. <\/strong>But newer theories of antioxidants<\/a> propose that the reactive oxygen molecules thought to be so harmful actually set in motion important reactions in the body that make us stronger in the long run.<\/p>\n

RELATED:\u00a0Antioxidants Have Mixed Effects on Performance<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Why Is Exercise Good for Us if It Causes Stress?<\/h2>\n

Sandra Zakowski,<\/a> a graduate professor of mine, once asked a question in class that has stuck with me for many years. We had been studying how stress reactions cause biological damage in the body. She asked how exercise, which is a stressor, can be so beneficial. I couldn\u2019t answer the question then, and I have been struggling for years to get a handle on her query. <\/strong>But recent research may be pointing in the direction of an answer.<\/p>\n

Antioxidants Have Negative Effects<\/h2>\n

Often touted for their beneficial effects<\/a>, antioxidants are now being found to have some negative effects, especially on our bodies\u2019 adaption to exercise. Here is a summary of three initial studies that found antioxidants limit the beneficial effects of exercise:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scribbans and colleagues<\/a> studied the effect of adding resveratrol to a Tabata-like program. Athletes trained for four weeks with three Tabata-style workouts per week. There were only sixteen people in this study and probably one of the reasons for the small sample size was that participants had to have muscle biopsies to see whether there was a change in muscle fiber. Participants in the placebo group showed more beneficial physiological changes in muscle biopsies than those not in the placebo group<\/strong>. Basically, their bodies began the process of adapting to the high intensity exercise protocol better.<\/p>\n

“Often touted for their beneficial effects, antioxidants are now being found to have some negative effects, especially on our bodies\u2019 adaption to exercise.”<\/em><\/h3>\n

Paulsen and colleagues<\/a> investigated the effects of vitamins C and E on endurance training. They found no differences in VO2 max and other indicators of endurance<\/strong>. However, they did find differences in the markers of mitochondrial biogenesis (again with the muscle biopsies). This study had a larger sample size (n = 54) and the endurance training lasted eleven weeks.<\/p>\n

RELATED:\u00a0Antioxidants Improve Performance – But How?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Finally, a study by Gliemann and colleagues<\/a> investigated cardiovascular effects in older physically inactive men. They found that exercise was effective in improving many cardiovascular indicators (e.g., LDL). However, resveratrol seemed to blunt the effects of exercise (again, it is better to be in the placebo group than in the antioxidant group).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oxidative Molecules Vital For Disease Prevention<\/h2>\n

This mystery now leads us to Watson. Not Sherlock Holmes\u2019 Watson, but James Watson, who won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the structure of DNA. He recently presented a theory <\/a>that diabetes, dementia, heart disease, and cancer are caused by a lack of reactive oxygen species. He cited similar studies showing the benefits of exercise on these disorders (e.g., Ristow and colleagues<\/a>). He pointed out that oxidative molecules are vital to set in motion the body\u2019s reactive mechanism that makes us more resilient.<\/strong><\/p>\n

RELATED: Resveratrol Shown to Boost Athletic Performance<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Why Are Scientists Always So Confusing?<\/h2>\n

It is ironic that resveratrol was recently thought to have similar effects to exercise<\/a>\u00a0and might take the place of exercise. Rather than giving up and saying science can\u2019t decide, we can look at the differing results and say they are pieces of the bigger puzzle. Reseveratrol used without exercise seems to have some protective benefits. When used before exercise, it seems to block the body\u2019s natural reaction to dealing with stress.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

As an analogy, we can liken the situation to using bands to assist with pull ups<\/a>. In the short term, bands help you do more pull ups and make them look more efficient. In the long run, strength is not built (evenly), so the body does not improve. We need to have stressors in order to improve.<\/strong> Reactive oxygen species, thought of as one cause of aging and disease, might be necessary to signal healthy adaptations to exercise.<\/p>\n

What Does This Mean for Me?<\/h2>\n

Most of this research has come out within the last few years and the results are starting to accumulate. One small study might not be meaningful, but we now have four or five studies pointing to the same outcome. Antioxidants, such as resveratrol and vitamins A and C, seem to interfere with the long-term benefits of exercise by interfering with the body\u2019s adaptive mechanisms.<\/strong><\/p>\n

RELATED:\u00a0Top 10 Exotic Superfoods<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

I don\u2019t think it is time to throw out all of your antioxidant supplements. However, it is probably best to get antioxidants from food<\/strong>. In these studies, the dosage is given in supplemental form and is higher than you would get through food<\/a>.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Gliemann, L., et al. 2013. \u201cResveratrol Blunts the Positive Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiovascular Health in Aged Men<\/a>.\u201d The Journal of Physiology<\/em> 591 (Pt 20): 5047\u201359. doi:10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.258061.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Paulsen, G., et al. 2014. \u201cVitamin C and E Supplementation Hampers Cellular Adaptation to Endurance Training in Humans: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial<\/a>.\u201d The Journal of Physiology<\/em>, February, jphysiol.2013.267419. doi:10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.267419.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Ristow, M., et al. 2009. \u201cAntioxidants Prevent Health-Promoting Effects of Physical Exercise in Humans<\/a>.\u201d Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em> 106 (21): 8665\u201370. doi:10.1073\/pnas.0903485106.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Schmaus, BJ., et al. 2008. \u201cGender and Stress: Differential Psychophysiological Reactivity to Stress Reexposure in the Laboratory<\/a>.\u201d International Journal of Psychophysiology<\/em> 69 (2): 101\u20136.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a05. Scribbans, TD., et al. 2014. \u201cResveratrol Supplementation Does Not Augment Performance Adaptations or Fibre-Type\u2013specific Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training in Humans<\/a>.\u201d Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism<\/em> 39 (11): 1305\u201313. doi:10.1139\/apnm-2014-0070.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Watson, JD. 2014. \u201cType 2 Diabetes as a Redox Disease<\/a>.\u201d The Lancet<\/em> 383 (9919): 841\u201343. doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62365-X.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Photos 1 courtesy of\u00a0CrossFit Empirical<\/a>.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Photo 2\u00a0courtesy of\u00a0Shutterstock<\/a>.<\/em><\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Antioxidants have been shown in multiple studies to impair the benefits of exercise. But newer theories of antioxidants propose that the reactive oxygen molecules thought to be so harmful actually set in motion important reactions in the body that make us stronger in the long run. RELATED:\u00a0Antioxidants Have Mixed Effects on Performance Why Is Exercise Good for Us…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":984,"featured_media":25930,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"limit_modified_date":"","last_modified_date":"","_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4644],"tags":[786],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDo Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise? - Breaking Muscle<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Do Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise? - Breaking Muscle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Antioxidants have been shown in multiple studies to impair the benefits of exercise. But newer theories of antioxidants propose that the reactive oxygen molecules thought to be so harmful actually set in motion important reactions in the body that make us stronger in the long run. RELATED:\u00a0Antioxidants Have Mixed Effects on Performance Why Is Exercise Good for Us...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Breaking Muscle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/breakingmuscle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"pages\/Florida-Kettlebell\/237605536443665\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-11-06T12:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-22T06:10:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/shutterstock316997270.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"669\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Craig Marker\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@BreakingMuscle\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@BreakingMuscle\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Craig Marker\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Craig Marker\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3d9035b3d95da58f068dac0ffd544d8a\"},\"headline\":\"Do Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise?\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-11-06T12:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-22T06:10:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/\"},\"wordCount\":956,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"antioxidants\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Healthy Eating\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/\",\"name\":\"Do Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise? - Breaking Muscle\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2014-11-06T12:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-22T06:10:43+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Healthy Eating\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/healthy-eating\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Do Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/\",\"name\":\"Breaking Muscle\",\"description\":\"Breaking Muscle\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Breaking Muscle\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/bmlogowhite-red.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/bmlogowhite-red.png\",\"width\":714,\"height\":714,\"caption\":\"Breaking Muscle\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/breakingmuscle\/\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BreakingMuscle\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/breakingmuscle\/\",\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/breakingmuscle\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/BreakingMuscleVideos\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3d9035b3d95da58f068dac0ffd544d8a\",\"name\":\"Craig Marker\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/cropped-craigmarkerbio2-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/cropped-craigmarkerbio2-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Craig Marker\"},\"description\":\"Craig Marker, Ph.D. CSCS, StrongFirst Senior Instructor, is a fitness enthusiast who has spent his life trying to help people improve their lives. He is an Associate Professor at Mercer University teaching psychology and research methods. He works with students on how best to understand research and place it into context. He has published over fifty articles on psychology and research methods. As a researcher, he understands the latest cutting-edge research on fat loss, muscle gain, sports performance, and nutrition. As a psychologist, Craig has focused on research and treatment of anxiety disorders, which positions him to understand motivation and the fear of making life changes. His upcoming book, the AntiFragile Self, takes on the topic of building a stronger person in the mental and physical domains. As a certified StrongFirst Kettlebell Instructor, Craig views kettlebells as one tool in the trade of forging a better person. He also has certifications in CrossFit, CrossFit Mobility, and CrossFit Gymnastics. He uses the Functional Movement Screen and multiple corrective movements to make sure his students are performing at their best for the rest of their lives. You can visit him in person at CrossFit Empirical in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.\",\"sameAs\":[\"pages\/Florida-Kettlebell\/237605536443665\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/author\/craig-marker\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Do Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise? - Breaking Muscle","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Do Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise? - Breaking Muscle","og_description":"Antioxidants have been shown in multiple studies to impair the benefits of exercise. But newer theories of antioxidants propose that the reactive oxygen molecules thought to be so harmful actually set in motion important reactions in the body that make us stronger in the long run. RELATED:\u00a0Antioxidants Have Mixed Effects on Performance Why Is Exercise Good for Us...","og_url":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/","og_site_name":"Breaking Muscle","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/breakingmuscle\/","article_author":"pages\/Florida-Kettlebell\/237605536443665","article_published_time":"2014-11-06T12:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-11-22T06:10:43+00:00","og_image":[{"width":669,"height":1000,"url":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/shutterstock316997270.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Craig Marker","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@BreakingMuscle","twitter_site":"@BreakingMuscle","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Craig Marker","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/"},"author":{"name":"Craig Marker","@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3d9035b3d95da58f068dac0ffd544d8a"},"headline":"Do Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise?","datePublished":"2014-11-06T12:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-22T06:10:43+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/"},"wordCount":956,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#organization"},"keywords":["antioxidants"],"articleSection":["Healthy Eating"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/","url":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/","name":"Do Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise? - Breaking Muscle","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2014-11-06T12:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2021-11-22T06:10:43+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/do-antioxidants-impede-the-benefits-of-exercise\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Healthy Eating","item":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/healthy-eating\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Do Antioxidants Impede the Benefits of Exercise?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/","name":"Breaking Muscle","description":"Breaking Muscle","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#organization","name":"Breaking Muscle","url":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/bmlogowhite-red.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/bmlogowhite-red.png","width":714,"height":714,"caption":"Breaking Muscle"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/breakingmuscle\/","https:\/\/twitter.com\/BreakingMuscle","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/breakingmuscle\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/breakingmuscle\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/BreakingMuscleVideos"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3d9035b3d95da58f068dac0ffd544d8a","name":"Craig Marker","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/cropped-craigmarkerbio2-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/cropped-craigmarkerbio2-96x96.jpg","caption":"Craig Marker"},"description":"Craig Marker, Ph.D. CSCS, StrongFirst Senior Instructor, is a fitness enthusiast who has spent his life trying to help people improve their lives. He is an Associate Professor at Mercer University teaching psychology and research methods. He works with students on how best to understand research and place it into context. He has published over fifty articles on psychology and research methods. As a researcher, he understands the latest cutting-edge research on fat loss, muscle gain, sports performance, and nutrition. As a psychologist, Craig has focused on research and treatment of anxiety disorders, which positions him to understand motivation and the fear of making life changes. His upcoming book, the AntiFragile Self, takes on the topic of building a stronger person in the mental and physical domains. As a certified StrongFirst Kettlebell Instructor, Craig views kettlebells as one tool in the trade of forging a better person. He also has certifications in CrossFit, CrossFit Mobility, and CrossFit Gymnastics. He uses the Functional Movement Screen and multiple corrective movements to make sure his students are performing at their best for the rest of their lives. You can visit him in person at CrossFit Empirical in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.","sameAs":["pages\/Florida-Kettlebell\/237605536443665"],"url":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/author\/craig-marker\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25929"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/984"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25929"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25929\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":153888,"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25929\/revisions\/153888"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/breakingmuscle.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}